Beowulf Grendel Synthesis essay free essay sample

Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"What does nihilism mean? That the highest values devaluate themselves. The aim is lacking; ‘why? ’ finds no answer†. Nietzsche reasons that when a society values anything—an object, a person, or a philosophy—it becomes a challenge to see who can obtain it, and those who cannot, form this idea that the value is pointless. He goes on to say that while those who cannot obtain it may act like they don’t care about this value, they still ask ‘why?  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ to try to understand why others see its value, but are never able to and are rejected by their society. Grendel and the Anglo-Saxon society are an example of this. While the Anglo-Saxons went about their life, Grendel watched from a distance. Although Grendel had never been a part of the Anglo-Saxon society, he tried to understand them. In this scenario, Grendel is seen as the reject, being that he had tried to befriend them but was unsuccessful, whic h causes him to question life and act out. We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf Grendel Synthesis essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By comparing the Anglo-Saxon’s beliefs and attitude with Grendel’s, one can see that Grendel develops a nihilistic view as a way to, emotionally, protect himself. In order to understand why Grendel was rejected, one must consider the society’s values and where he was coming from. Grendel spent most of his time his time observing the Anglo-Saxon society yet he did not have the same attitude towards their values as them, so they reject him. Part of the Scyldings’s culture was to fight neighboring kingdoms to protect their kingdom. As a peace offering, the neighboring king gave Hrothgar, the king of the Scyldings, his sister. This was not an odd offering as Hrothgar willingly accepted her but Grendel did not understand: â€Å"My chest was full of pain, my eyes smarted, and I was afraid—O monstrous trick against reason—I was afraid I was about to sob. I wanted to smash things, bring down the night with my howl of rage† (Gardner, 100). To Hrothgar, receiving the woman was simply part of a business transaction, but to Grendel it was disgusting. Grendel’s mixed emotions reveal that he cares about others but also doesn’t understand why some traditions are acceptable. Similarly, when Beowulf is talking about fighting Grendel, he talks about his God’s role in the fight. He points out that â€Å"God can easily halt these raids and harrowing attacks† (Beowulf, 478-479). Not only does the reference to God convey that the members of their society put much faith in their God but also confusion as to why their God would punish them by creating monsters to attack them. Both instances offer examples of people putting faith in a higher power to do the right thing but lose confidence in them and become conflicted. The higher power lets the people down, revealing conflicting values, which can be a result of lack of communication. Not only do Grendel and the Anglo- Saxons have different values, they also have no way to communicate, which would enable them to find a common ground and understand where each other is coming from. During one of Grendel’s raids, he faced Unferth, and attempted to be witty as he challenged him. Unferth did not understand, even as Grendel repeated himself louder and slower, but â€Å"even [then] he didn’t know what [Grendel] was saying† (Gardner, 83). While Grendel did not have good intentions, his motives were unclear to Unferth and the other humans as he tried to speak to them. Although Unferth did not need to ask what Grendel was planning on doing, the capability to communicate is clearly lacking. An outside source could be of help. The Shaper, a man who tells stories of the past, was telling a story that Grendel already knew of yet had a different viewpoint as to what happened. As Grendel listened, he explained, â€Å"The man had changed the world, had torn up the past by its thick, gnarled roots and had transmuted it, and they, who knew the truth, remembered it his way—and so did I† (Gardner, 43). Grendel knows the â€Å"real story† but that doesn’t matter because the Shaper was so convincing that Grendel had this feeling that the Shaper was right. Grendel also said that he wasn’t the only one who remembered the story differently, but they, too, believed it happened as the Shaper said. This one, minor incident shows that Grendel and the Anglo-Saxons are capable of agreeing, it’s just a matter of finding someway—or someone—to communicate to each other. This lack of understanding leads to Grendel being rejected from their society. Even though Grendel is rejected, he still wants to be a part of their society, even if he acts like he doesn’t care. Being shunned was not something that only happened to Grendel. It is part of the Anglo-Saxon way to get rid of those who are not seen as fit for their society. An old  teacher was talking to Hrothulf, Hrothgar’s son, about how their system works. Explaining the order of importance of certain groups of people, he said, â€Å"Rewards to people who fit the System best†¦till you come to the people who don’t fit at all. No problem. Drive them to the darkest corners of the kingdom, starve them, throw them in jail or put them out to war† (Gardner, 118). As the quote explains, t hose who don’t fit, do not belong in their society. From the old teacher’s words, it is clear that they don’t care what happens to them, just as long as they are not around those who truly fit â€Å"the System†. Likewise, while the Scyldings knew that Grendel had been tormenting other groups nearby, they were not worried because they believed â€Å"Grendel waged his lonely war†¦but the throne itself, the treasure-seat, he was kept from approaching; he was the Lord’s outcast† (Beowulf, 168). The Anglo-Saxons thought that everything was the way it was because of their Lord. While they understood that Grendel mostly acted out simply because he was lonely, they continued to ignore him, calling him an outcast because he didn’t fit into their society like â€Å"the System† described. Regardless, he still wanted to be a part of their society, seen in his view of them. Grendel went to the Dragon in hopes that he would be able to explain the Scyldings values to him, to better fit in. Instead, the Dragon tried to convince him that it was good for them to be scared of Grendel because it was part of their purpose in life. Grendel considered the Dragon’s advice, reasoning, â€Å"Fill their nights with nightmares, just for sport† (Gardner, 60). While Grendel had his reasons—needing to eat to survive or wanting to have a role in their society—for his actions, that was as far as he would go. When the Dragon told him to scare them for fun, it conflicted with his morals because he knew it would destroy any hope of fitting in. Both sides had some morals and values they took into consideration when it came to dealing with each other. Unfortunately, both of them were not on the same page, so while Grendel was trying his hardest to fit in, the Anglo-Saxons were doing everything in their power to keep him out. After Grendel talks to the Dragon, he begins to see the world in two different ways. The first way Grendel sees the world is how he has since he was a child, full of wonderful possibilities. It is this side that clings to the slightest chance that everything will work out and he will finally be accepted. On the other hand, there is a dark side to him that only wants to destroy their whole society and live alone. These two sides often collide, especially when Grendel is in contact with the members of the society. For example, Grendel was about to tear the Queen apart when he stopped. After promising that nothing would change his mind, he changed his own mind: â€Å"It would be meaningless killing her. As meaningless and letting her live† (Gardner, 110). Grendel’s split beliefs are seen as he sways back and forth when considering how to act. Although part of Grendel pretends not to care what the Anglo-Saxons think of him, their belief that â€Å"Behavior that’s admired is the path to power among people† (Beowulf, 24-25) clearly sticks with him as he chooses to do the right thing and leave her be, even if he tells himself that she will be more likely to suffer while living. It is this half nihilistic view that drives Grendel to continue to search out the purpose in life and to see if he will ever be accepted by the members of the Anglo-Saxon society. Society chooses a value so that the members feel as if they have a purpose and would rather not question if there really is a purpose. When one does decide to question, society rejects them and they become an outcast. As an outcast, one may waver between believing themselves and society, causing one to act out. Eventually, reality sets in and one must accept one’s fate. While one may not seem to care after a period of time, one may actually still be clinging to any hope of acceptance into society, the source of their will to live.

Why Churchill Lost the 1945 Election

Why Churchill Lost the 1945 Election In 1945 Britain, an event occurred which still causes shocked questions from around the world: how did Winston Churchill, the man who had led Britain to victory in the Second World War, get voted out of office at the moment of his greatest success, and by such an apparently large margin. To many it looks like Britain was supremely ungrateful, but push deeper and you find that Churchill’s total focus on the war allowed he, and his political party, to take their eyes off the mood of the British People, allowing their pre-war reputations to weigh them down. Churchill and the Wartime Consensus In 1940 Winston Churchill was appointed Prime Minister of a Britain who appeared to be losing the Second World War against Germany. Having been in and out of favor over a long career, having been ousted from one government in World War One only to return later to great effect, and as a long-standing critic of Hitler, he was an interesting choice. He created a coalition drawing on the three main parties of Britain – Labour, Liberal, and Conservative – and turned all his attention to fighting the war. As he masterfully kept the coalition together, kept the military together, kept international alliances between capitalist and communist together, so he rejected pursuing party politics, refusing to aggrandize his Conservative party with the successes he and Britain began to experience. For many modern viewers, it might seem that handling the war would merit re-election, but when the war was coming to a conclusion, and when Britain divided back into party politics for the el ection of 1945, Churchill found himself at a disadvantage as his grasp of what people wanted, or at least what to offer them, had not developed. Churchill had passed through several political parties in his career and had led the Conservatives in the early war in order to press his ideas for the war. Some fellow conservatives, this time of a far longer tenure, began to worry during the war that while Labour and other parties were still campaigning – attacking the Tories for appeasement, unemployment, economic disarray – Churchill was not doing the same for them, focusing instead on unity and victory. Churchill Misses Reform One area where the Labour party were having success campaigning during the war was reform. Welfare reforms and other social measures had been developing before World War 2, but in the early years of his government, Churchill had been induced into commissioning a report on how Britain could rebuild after it. The report had been chaired by William Beveridge and would take his name. Churchill  and others were surprised that the findings went beyond the rebuilding they’d envisioned, and presented nothing less than a social and welfare revolution. But the hopes of Britain were growing as the war seemed to be turning, and there was vast support for Beveridge’s report to be turned into a reality, a great new dawn. Social issues now dominated the part of British political life that was not taken up with the war, and Churchill and the Tories slipped back in the public’s mind. Churchill, a one-time reformer, wished to avoid anything which might fracture the coalition and didn’t back the report as much as he might; he was also dismissive of Beveridge, the man, and his ideas. Churchill thus made it clear he was putting off the issue of social reform until after the elections, while Labour did as much as they could to demand it being put into practice sooner, and then promised it after the election. Labour became associated with the reforms, and the Tories were accused of being against them. In addition, Labour’s contribution to the coalition government had earned them respect: people who had doubted them before began to believe Labour could run a reforming administration. The Date Is Set, the Campaign Fought World War 2 in Europe was declared over on May 8th, 1945, the coalition ended on May 23rd, and the elections were set for July 5th, although there would have to be extra time to gather the votes of the troops. Labour began a powerful campaign aimed at reform and made sure to take their message to both those in Britain and those who had been forced abroad. Years later, soldiers reported being made aware of Labour’s goals, but not hearing anything from the Tories. In contrast, Churchill’s campaign seemed to be more about re-electing him, built around his personality and what he’d achieved in the war. For once, he got the thoughts of the British public every wrong: there was still the war in the East to finish, so Churchill seemed distracted by that. The electorate was more open to the promises of Labour and the changes of the future, not the paranoia about socialism that the Tories tried to spread; they weren’t open to the actions of a man who had won the war, but whose party had not been forgiven for the years before it, and a man who had never seemed – up to now – entirely comfortable with peace. When he compared a Labour-run Britain to the Nazis and claimed Labour would need a Gestapo, people were not impressed, and memories of the Conservative inter-war failures, and even of Lloyd George’s failure to deliver post World War 1, were strong. Labour Win The results began coming in on July 25th and soon revealed Labour winning 393 seats, which gave them a dominant majority. Attlee was Prime Minister, they could carry out the reforms they wished, and Churchill seemed to have been defeated in a landslide, although the overall voting percentages were much closer. Labour won nearly twelve million votes, to nearly ten million Tory, and so the nation wasn’t quite as united in its mindset as it might appear. A war-weary Britain with one eye on the future had rejected a party which had been complacent and a man who had focused entirely on the nation’s good, to his own detriment.​ However, Churchill had been rejected before, and he had one last comeback to make. He spent the next few years reinventing himself once more and was able to resume power as a peacetime Prime Minister in 1951.